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Hittite mythology
Hittite mythology and Hittite religion were the religious beliefs and practices of the Hittites, who created an empire centered in what is now modern-day Turkey from ca. 1,600 BC to 1,180 BC.
Most of the narratives embodying Hittite mythology are lost, and the elements that would give a balanced view of Hittite religion are lacking among the tablets recovered at the Hittite capital Hattusa and other Hittite sites. Thus, "there are no canonical scriptures, no theological disquisitions or discourses, no aids to private devotion".〔Gary Beckman, "The Religion of the Hittites", ''The Biblical Archaeologist'' 52.2/3, (June - September 1989:98-108) noting E. Laroche, ''Catalogue des textes hittites'' 1971, and K. Bittel, ''Hattusa, the Capital of the Hittites'', 1970.〕 Some religious documents formed part of the corpus with which young scribes were trained, and have survived, most of them dating from the last several decades before the final burning of the sites. The scribes in the royal administration, some of whose archives survive, were a bureaucracy, organizing and maintaining royal responsibilities in areas that would be considered part of religion today: temple organization, cultic administration, reports of diviners, make up the main body of surviving texts.〔J. G. Macqueen, '"Hattian Mythology and Hittite Monarchy'", ''Anatolian Studies'' (1959).〕
The understanding of Hittite mythology depends on readings of surviving stone carvings, deciphering of the iconology represented in seal stones, interpreting ground plans of temples: additionally, there are a few images of deities, for the Hittites often worshipped their gods through Huwasi stones, which represented deities and were treated as sacred objects. Gods were often depicted standing on the backs of their respective beasts, or may have been identifiable in their animal form.〔R.Lebrun, "Le zoomorphisme dans la religion hittite," ''L'Animal, l'homme, le dieu dans le Proche-Orient ancien'', (Leuven) 1985:95-103, noted in Beckman 1989.〕
==Overview==
Though drawing on Mesopotamian mythology, the religion of the Hittites and Luwians retains noticeable Indo-European elements, for example Tarhunt the god of thunder; his conflict with the serpent Illuyanka resembles the conflict between Indra and the cosmic serpent Vritra in Vedic mythology, or Thor and the serpent Jörmungandr in Norse mythology. His consort is the Hattic sun-goddess. This divine couple were presumably worshipped in the twin cellas of the largest temple at Hattusa.〔Beckman 1985:99.〕
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